1.船舶涂料的特性
船舶结构复杂,其各个部位保护要求不同,因而所需涂料也就各不相同。由于船舶涂装有其自身的特点,因此船舶涂料具备如下特征
①船舶的庞大决定了船舶涂料需要能在常温下干燥固化。
②船舶涂装施工的面积大,因此涂料应适合于高压无气喷涂作业
由于船舶涂装施工工作量大,而且个别部位施工比较困难,因而希望一次涂装能达到较高的膜厚,故往往需要厚膜型涂料。
④船舶的水下部位及海水压载舱通常需要使用阴极保护,因此,用于这些部位的涂料需要有较好的耐电位性、耐碱性。
⑤船舶从防火安全角度出发,要求机舱内部、上层建筑内部的涂料不易燃烧,且一旦燃烧时也不应释放出过量的烟。因此,硝基漆、氯化橡胶漆均不适宜作为船舶舱内装饰涂料
⑥化学品船经常装载不同的化学物质,各种化学物质其腐蚀性不同,因而化学品船其舱室涂料要求有宽广的耐化学物质特性。
⑦船舶的货物舱经常要装载可食用的物品,因而所施工的涂层不能污染物品,满足食物安全要求
⑧船舶的饮水舱涂料要满足饮水健康要求。
2.船舶涂料的分类和要求
船舶涂料可According to基料类型、使用部位、作用特点、施工方式等不同方法进行分类目前比较通用的分类是按其使用部位分类。表3-4-1列出了船舶涂料主要分类和基本要求
In addition, according to the different types of base materials, marine coatings are also divided into two types: conventional coatings and high-performance coatings. Marine coatings based on oils, alkyd resins, phenolic resins and some natural resins are early development and application The coatings are called conventional coatings. With various synthetic resins with good water resistance and good chemical resistance as base materials, most of them are made into thick-film marine coatings. They are coatings that have been continuously developed and widely used in recent years, and are called high-performance coatings.
