The correct coating chemistry can provide long-lasting durability to fabrics that will fade, degrade and fail before their expected useful life. This is especially true for fabrics used in awnings, tents, flexible decks, outdoor furniture, marine upholstery, and automotive seating, where exposure to harsh environments can accelerate product lifecycles.
Many complex parameters surround the engineering process of a new paint formulation. The success of a coating depends on testing and evaluating the integrity and performance of the formulation on each substrate for individual use.
Coating engineers rely on a number of industry standard tests that enable customers to certify products to meet end user performance needs. These tests are conducted in a controlled laboratory environment designed to be more rigorous and rigorous than real-world environments and are a good indicator of performance and lifetime.
Every member of the supply chain is involved in ensuring the success of the product in the field. This includes material manufacturers, paint applicators and fabricators. The importance of understanding the testing process and how to use these tests to evaluate coatings for specific applications and materials cannot be overemphasized.
Adhesion
Whether it is used with soft vinyl or woven fabrics, achieving adhesion is key to successful coating chemistry. ASTM D751-06 covers adhesion testing to coated fabrics such as tarpaulins and raincoats. It evaluates:
Breaking strength
elongation
Bursting Strength
Puncture resistance
tear strength
hydrostatic resistance
strength
tear resistance
Low temperature bending, impact and crack resistance
Seam strength (including static load seam strength)
accelerated heat aging
Blocking resistance at high temperature
Compressive strength
Coated Cloth Wicking
ISO 2409 is a good qualitative test method for evaluating the resistance of a coating to separation from the substrate when a rectangular lattice pattern is cut into the coating and penetrates the surface of the material. The method can be used as either a passing test or, where appropriate, a six-step classification test that can be performed on laboratory or field samples.
wear and tear
Coatings on substrates can be damaged by abrasion during manufacturing and repair. For woven materials, abrasion resistance is affected by factors such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the size of the fibers; the structure of the yarn; the structure of the fabric; and the type, variety and amount of trim material added to each component.
Whereas "abrasion resistance" (usually expressed in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specific technology to produce a certain degree or amount of wear) and "durability" (defined as the ability to withstand degradation or wear in use) (including Effects) are often related and this relationship varies with the end use of the material or the environment to which it is exposed.
ASTM D4157 Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Vibrating Cylinder Method, also known as the Wyzenbeek Method) is a widely used test for textile textiles such as furniture fabrics and clothing. A sample-sized piece of fabric is pulled taut into the frame and rubbed using a Wyzenbeek machine using #10 cotton duck fabric as an abrasive or wire mesh. The test is complete when two breaks have occurred, significant wear has been determined, or 100,000 double rubs have been achieved.
Another abrasion test is the ASTM D4966-98 Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textiles (also known as the Martindale Abrasion Tester Method). It can be used on soft vinyl as well as woven fabrics such as contract seating, soft roofing membranes, car seating, marine trim, wall trim and roll decorative membranes. The coating was applied to the substrate, and the samples were then mounted on a Martindale abrasion Tester. The material is then rubbed in a figure-eight motion until failure or the number of rubs specified by the manufacturer is reached, and the substrate is evaluated.
accelerated photoaging
Sunlight, moisture and heat can cause changes in the physical properties of the coated material, resulting in overall loss of performance, fading, and adverse changes in the flexibility of the material. Accelerated photoaging (sometimes called QUV testing or accelerated weathering) is a key test for products intended for outdoor use.
In the coatings industry, ASTM G155 Standard Specification for Xenon-Arc Lighting Apparatus for Operating Non-Metallic Materials is a common test method for understanding the effects of light aging during development. Typically, testing exposes a similar material (control) with known properties to a test sample for comparison. In this test, a xenon arc lamp and water setup are used to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when materials are exposed to sunlight, directly or through window glass, as well as moisture, such as rain or dew.
The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) has a similar test method, TM16.3, for testing colorfastness to light using a xenon arc light source. Another related standard, ASTM D 4329, deals with exposure of plastics, including polymer coatings, to fluorescent lighting. Specify the appropriate accelerated photoaging test based on the material application or customer preference.
stain resistant
Since the paint will smudge, it will be less hydrophobic. Chemicals can be custom formulated to help fight the stain by drawing water into the fabric to remove the stain and then pouring the water out of the substrate.
可以使用AATCC TM 8进行耐色牢度测试。此方法旨在确定通过摩擦从有色纺织材料表面转移到其他表面的颜色数量。用湿的和干燥的状态的白色缸测试布将有色的测试样品摩擦十次。通过将其转移到白色测试布上的颜色与用于染色的灰度等级或色度转移等级进行比较，并指定等级。
汽车行业有一项专门的测试，用于评估家具或座椅上涂料的粘着性和防污性能。该行业遵循ASTM D4966-98（或Martindale耐磨测试），并将未洗涤的牛仔布与装饰底材结合在一起。每个制造商对此测试都有差异，并且对可接受的蓝色染料转移程度的解释也有所不同。
耐污性通常与耐化学性相关。ASTM D1308标准测试方法涵盖了另一项重要的耐污性测试，该标准测试方法适用于日用化学品对透明和着色有机表面处理剂的影响。该测试评估标准，例如变色，光泽变化，起泡，软化，膨胀，失去附着力或特殊现象。通过在客户或化学家指定的时间间隔内将污染物的液滴引入基材上来进行。液滴可以用表面皿覆盖以进行更严格的测试，也可以不覆盖。然后将其擦拭干净，并立即检查该区域是否有效果。
AATCC TM 130污垢释放：油污释放方法旨在测量材料在洗涤过程中释放油污的能力。它主要由织物整理剂用来评估实际使用中去污整理剂的可能性能。在测试中，将污渍（玉米油或客户选择的其他污渍）施加到测试样本上。使用指定的重量将一定量的污渍物质压入织物。然后洗涤测试织物，并通过与显示出一系列污渍等级的对照样品进行比较，以5∶1的比例对残留污渍进行评级。
防水性
有很多方法可以测试涂层织物的拒水性能。确定适当的测试完全取决于材料的最终用途。广泛使用的方法AATCC TM 22防水性：喷涂测试，适用于任何纺织品，尤其适用于测量应用于织物的整理剂的防水性。将水喷在紧绷样品的表面上，产生润湿的图案，其尺寸取决于织物的相对防护性。然后将润湿的图案与标准图表上的图片进行比较。
Two other AATCC tests that can be performed are "Water Immersion TM 70" and "Hydrostatic Pressure TM 127", which show coating performance in terms of water resistance and durability. Knowing the environmental conditions of a coating material during its life cycle is self-evident in determining which test to use.
