What is the minimum film formation temperature? How to reduce MFT

聚物乳液制成涂料、它的成膜机理是与溶液型树脂不同的,乳液是分子量很高的聚合物颗粒在水中的分散体、它的成膜是靠分散体外档的挥发。颗粒紧密堆积过程中的毛细管作用,医缩聚合物变形融合而形成连续膜,这个过程与施工中的环境温度有关,也与聚合物的玻璃化温度有关,但后者是对纯聚合物而言,对乳液体系来讲,由于极性单体、表面活性剂、保护胶体和水的缔合和增塑作用,使得其成膜温度往往低于其本身的Tg值,表征这一温度的特征,称为最低成膜温度(MFT),可用温度梯度测定仪来测得,聚合物乳液的MFT可作一定范围的调节,在涂料制造中,有其应用例如对金属和木质表面选用Tg值高的乳液,使得涂膜的硬度、强度和不回粘性好,这样对乳液的选择除共聚组分的判别外、就要在制漆中正确选择助成膜剂的类型和用量,以降低其MFT,以取得较宽的施工温度范围。

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成膜溶剂是用于降低乳胶漆的最低成膜温度(MFT)的助剂。MFT是指乳液颗粒在一定条件下相互聚结而形成连续膜的最低温度,是乳胶漆在施工上的一个限制,所以是乳胶漆的重要性质之一。

乳胶漆是一个很复杂的体系,影响MFT的因素很多,如乳液聚合物颗粒的玻璃化湿度,表面活性剂的品种和数量,水对乳液颗粒溶胀的程度,乳液颗粒的粒度、形态,以及环境的湿度,底材的吸水性 etc.。成膜助剂的作用在于能使乳液颗粒溶胀而使它的Tg暂时下降,以促选聚结成膜,随后又逐渐逸出,使干膜恢复原来的Tg。

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乳胶漆聚结而形成的膜是聚合物中嵌有表面活性剂或/和保护胶体的一种非整体性结构。为了使漆膜更整体性、更微密,也需要顾及这些物质的聚结,所以成膜溶剂必需既油溶又水溶。以在油相和水相间的分配比来调节乳液颗粒和表面活性剂(保护胶体)聚结程度间的平衡。

In latex paint, water-soluble high-boiling point solvents are generally added to slow down the volatilization rate of water, so as to prolong the film-forming (coalescence) time, and facilitate the lap between the wet films coated before and after construction, also known as prolonging the open time ( open time), such as ethylene glycol and Ruidiol, from the perspective of safety and water resistance, propylene glycol is currently used in most formulations. Some solvents can dissolve surfactants and protective colloids, and can also swell emulsion polymer particles, but the distribution ratio of film-forming solvents in water and oil phases is different. The use of such solvents complicates the selection of film-forming solvents. Therefore, the commonly used film-forming solvents range from less water-soluble ones such as trimethylpentanediol monoisobutyrate (trade name Taxanol) to more water-soluble ones such as ethylene glycol butyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, etc. Many idioms should be used in a variety of different situations.

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