There are many names for screen printing, such as silk screen printing, silk screen printing, silk screen printing, serigraphy , and some are called silk lacquer printing, silk leakage, flower leakage, screen frame printing and so on. For convenience , hereinafter referred to as silk screen printing, referred to as silk screen printing (Silk Screen printing). It is named after the plate material (silk silk) used.
Because screen printing can be applied to different printing materials in various forms, it has a certain attraction around 1920. Around 1950, it was applied to the printing of polyethylene bottles.
Screen printing has a wide range of printing. Paper, plastic, wood, glass, enamel, metal, cloth, porcelain, stone and other flat and round materials can printed by this method. It can be said that screen printing is a more versatile method among various printing methods. Because of its simple plate making, fast time, no complicated machinery , and relatively low requirements for ink application, it has many unique features.
Silk screen printing is a relatively simple printing method. Its principle is to place the printing material under the screen printing plate, and use a squeegee to scrape off the ink from the leaky part of the plate, so that it is surrounded by the printing material. The ink layer is thick, the three-dimensional sense is strong, and the pictures are concise eye-catching, so the printed matter is unique.
There are two methods of making silk screen printing plate: manual plate making method and photographic plate making method:
hand plate method
The plate-making frame is nailed first, and the plate frame is made of wood. It is advisable to choose the wood with the least deformation, otherwise crooked hills, cracks, and uneven problems will occur, which will affect the overprinting work. The size of the version frame depends on the size of the print. After the plate frame is finished , sieve silk is stretched on it. The sieve silk is woven with pure silk (some also use very fine copper wire cloth). It is sold on the market. Generally, printed matter can be used in sizes 8 to 12. , Fine prints can use the specifications of No. 13 to No. 16. The diameter of the silk fiber determines the originality of the printed ink film. In modern times, many gauzes have been made of synthetic fibers (such as nylon filaments, etc.). Sew a relatively thin cloth around the silk, soak it in water, and then nail it to the frame with small nails. When nailing, the silk should be taut, the tighter the better, and the warp and latitude should be straight and not too inclined. .
After the silk group is stretched, use spray paint to evenly coat the inside and outside of the surrounding cloth edges to prevent oil leakage during printing. After pasting the engraved plate (also known as engraved paper) on the silk, it can be printed.
photolithography
The plate-making method of the photographic plate is roughly as follows: apply (its composition is basically similar to that used in the Collotype), then expose it with a positive negative film (glass), and then wash off the unactinized part with water. That's it. Although this method is relatively simple, sometimes the pattern will appear . The structure of the earlier and simple screen printing machine is basically similar to that of the mimeograph, but there are also new designs. Modern screen printing machines have mechanized and even automated structures . It is suitable for printing various shapes of utensils.
Because printing can be made by hand-cutting method, the image of the printed product is more flexible, but because of its simple printing method, and it can be , its application range still remains to be seen. very broad. There are various drying forms of screen printing ink, generally including oxidative drying type, volatile drying type, catalytic reaction type, water type and so on. It mainly depends on what material to print and its special requirements. .
