How to measure the dimensional stability of paper?

纸张是一种纤维组织材料,在一定温、湿度条件下,会产生尺寸变化,即存在尺寸稳定性问题。由于纸张类型有差别,纤维构成不同,导致纸张伸缩率的大小也有一定差别。纸张发生伸缩的主要原因有两个方面,一是纤维相互交织,二是单根纤维发生收缩或膨胀。印刷用纸张要求有一定的尺寸稳定性,使纸张在印刷过程中不致产生大的变形,造成套印不准等质量问题。在实际印刷过程中,首先将纸张进行温湿度预处理,使其尺寸变化达到稳定后再进行印刷。

(1)测试方法

测量纸张伸缩率的方法有游标卡尺测量法、专用长度刻度板测量法以及劳海利伸缩测定仪法。我国标准采用游标卡尺测量法。具体测试步骤包括以下几点。

①按GB450取样,沿纸幅横向均匀切取220mm×220mm试样两片,并按GB 10739的要求对试样进行温湿度预处理。

②通过试样中心划两条平行于试样边,且相互垂直的直线。在直线两端距试样各边缘10mm处作一标记,用游标卡尺测量两标记间距离是200mm。

③将试样浸泡于与周围大气温度相同的水中,使试样充分润胀。

④到达规定时间(一般是2h)后,取出试样,平铺于玻璃板上,用游标卡尺测量两标记间的距离,并计算纸张的伸缩率。

How to measure the dimensional stability of paper?  Picture 1

如果要求测试浸湿并干燥后纸张的伸缩率,则将浸水后的试样平放在滤纸上,在空气中使其风干至长度不变为止,然后用游标卡尺测量标记间的距离,并计算伸缩率。

How to measure the dimensional stability of paper?  Picture 2

若计算结果为正,则表示伸长;结果为负,则表示收缩。试验报告中应说明纵横向。

在用专用仪器测量纸张在不同湿度时的收缩率时,应将试样在规定的温湿度条件下处理后,放在相对湿度33%的调温调湿箱内,并增加相对湿度到75%,再测量相同温度下因湿度变化而使长度增加的变化。试样长度的相对增加量为:

How to measure the dimensional stability of paper?  Picture 3

(2)主要影响因素

①紧度 结构疏松的纸张达到吸水饱和时,其吸水量较大,因此会导致紧度低的纸张的伸缩大于紧度高的纸张的伸缩,且伸缩也较快。

②Drying times After the paper is wetted and dried, it can shrink to a certain extent. In general, the stretch rate after wet and then dry is a little smaller than the stretch rate after wet without dry. If wetting and drying are repeated, the paper will shrink further, but the amount of expansion and contraction produced by each cycle will gradually decrease.

③The balance of release and moisture absorption The moisture content of the paper is higher when the paper reaches equilibrium through the dehumidification process, resulting in smaller expansion and contraction of the paper than in the original state. The moisture absorption process is different. Because the initial moisture content of the paper is low, when the balance is reached, the expansion rate of the paper is correspondingly larger. Therefore, the deformation of the paper during the dehumidification process is smaller than that during the moisture absorption process.

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