Lithium-ion battery separator performance testing scheme [with instrument list]

The performance of the lithium-ion battery separator is affected by the thickness, porosity, pore size, thermal shrinkage, mechanical properties, wettability, air permeability, etc. of the separator. "The article summarizes the common performance testing of lithium-ion battery separators, and extracts and sorts out a list of instruments for testing lithium-ion battery separators from this experiment for users' reference.

First briefly analyze the requirements of each performance:

1. Thickness requirements: The thickness of the separator will affect the internal resistance of the battery. The thicker the separator, the greater the internal resistance, and the smaller the thickness, the smaller the internal resistance. The thickness of the current commercial battery separator is 25 μm.

2. Porosity: Porosity is the percentage of the pore volume in the diaphragm to the overall volume. In the current market, the porosity of the upper diaphragm is between 30% and 60%.

3. Pore size: The pore size of the diaphragm is tens of microns, which is smaller than the particle . The pore size of the wet-process diaphragm is between 0.01-0.1 μm.

4. Mechanical strength: The mechanical strength of the diaphragm is a very important parameter. At present, the conventional diaphragm with a thickness of 25 μm requires a tensile strength of 1000 kgcm-2 in the longitudinal direction.

5. Dimensional stability: A flat and wrinkle-free battery separator is very convenient for battery assembly, and it is also conducive to the dropping of electrolyte.

6. Thermal shrinkage: The smaller the shrinkage rate of the diaphragm at high temperature, the better.

7. High-temperature self-closing cells: closed cells are a kind of high-temperature safety of the battery through micro-pore closed cells when overcurrent is caused by .

The following is a list of testing instruments used in this experiment, as shown in the following table:

Raw Material Performance Testing - Surface Tension
	Fangrui JCY-1 contact angle Tester
	规格参数：摄像系统专业CCD数字相机 + 高性能显微镜头， 最高分辨率1280×1024， 拍照方式单张、连续， 光源连续可调亮度的LED冷光源，发光均匀、所摄图像的轮廓更清晰、分辨率更高， 接触角分析方法θ/2法、切线法，可自动计算或手动（修正）计算， 接触角测量范围0~180°， 接触角测试分辨率0.01°， 固体表面能等一液法、二液法表面自由能、液滴量、固体粘附力计算， 表面张力测试方法无， 表面张力测量范围无， 表面张力测试分辨率无， 样品台位移前后：60mm； 左右35mm； 上下50mm，样品台可水平调整,直径90mm， 样品台尺寸105×120mm， 样品最大厚度≤35mm， 倾斜平台无， 进样方式手动微量进样器， 外形尺寸525*160*470mm， 净重12kg， 电源电压220V/50Hz， 功率0.2KW
制膜打样 - 制膜
	国产 TBJ-G 线棒式涂布试验机
	规格参数：涂布精度±0.001mm， 涂布厚度范围According to不同线棒规格， 涂布速率2~200mm/s， 涂布幅面190*400mm（涂布长度0-400mm任意设置）， 真空吸附尺寸160*400mm(可定制)， 真空孔径Φ1.2mm， 真空孔距15*20mm， 控制系统触摸屏控制， 涂布棒规格精度0.001mm，有效涂布宽度170mm（According to线棒型号确定涂布厚度）， 主机电源220V 50HZ， 外形尺寸690*350*420mm， 重量净重72KG， 速度控制无极变速， 底板材质铝合金， 真空泵尺寸380*180*280mm， 涂布方式线棒涂布， 可选附件漏液槽、基材固定夹具、微调水平高度支撑脚装置、玻璃板、硅胶垫和砝码（针对涂布基材厚度不均的应用）、涂膜宽度控制挡板， 可定制功能喷气系统装置、UV固含装置、自动加墨系统
机械性能 - 拉压力
	艾斯瑞 ASR-1001A 小型多功能材料拉力试验机
	规格参数：力值测量范围10~500N（50KG)， 有效行程350mm， 感应方式推拉力计， 试验速度范围5~300mm/min可调， 动力系统AC马达， 外形尺寸560×345×1080mm， 重量30Kg， 电源电压AC220V单相
环境测试 - 调温调湿
	慧泰 DHG-9070A 鼓风干燥箱
	规格参数：电源电压AC 220V 50Hz， 控温范围RT+10~250℃， 温度波动度±1℃， 温度分辨率0.1℃， 输入功率1550W， 工作室尺寸450*400*450mm， 外形尺寸735*615*630mm， 容积80L， 搁板(标配)2pcs， 定时范围1~9999min
实验室通用设备 - 混合分散
	天创粉末 XQM-4 立式行星球磨机
	规格参数：设备电源220V-50HZ， 电机功率0.75kw， 运行设定总时间1~9999min， 正反交替运行时间1~999min， 可调转速-公转35~335rpm， 可调转速-自转70~670rpm， 噪音水平≤60±5dB， 调速方式变频调速， 设备重量93kg， 设备体积750*470*564mm， 最大处理量4L， 可配球磨罐规格250-1000ml， 工位数4pcs， 备注可配50-1000ml真空球磨罐， 传动方式 齿轮传动， 工作方式两个或四个球磨罐同时工作， 最大装样量球磨罐容积的三分之二， 球磨罐体积每罐5L-50L，总体积20L-200L， 进料粒度土壤料≤10mm，其他料≤3mm， 最小出料粒度0.1μm， 调速方式变频无级调速
	安亭科学 TGL-20B 高速台式离心机
	Specification parameters: maximum centrifugal force 24596xg, maximum speed 20000rpm, speed range 100~20000rpm, timing range 0~99min, noise level <70dB(A), display mode digital tube display, power supply 220v 50Hz 400w, external dimensions 500*540*570mm, Weight 47kg
	Chijiu MYP11-2 constant temperature magnetic stirrer
	Specification parameters: maximum stirring volume 5L, stirring speed 50~1500rpm, heating power 600W, input power 620W, temperature control range RT+~300°C, temperature control accuracy ±0.5°C, timing range 1~9999min, working disc size Φ145mm, external dimensions 280*160*90mm, machine weight 2.7kg, power supply AC220V ±10% 50/60Hz, safety protection temperature 350℃
General Laboratory Equipment - Quality
	Sartorius BSA224S-CW Electronic Balance
	Specification parameters: weighing range 220g, readability accuracy 0.1mg, non-linear error 0.2mg, repeatability error 0.1mg, calibration function internal calibration, weighing pan size Φ90mm, instrument net weight 4800g, external dimensions 230*310*305mm, packaging Size 460*390*530mm, data interface RS232C 25-pin, display 15mm character height white backlight high contrast display, gross weight 7.4 kg, weighing chamber height 230mm, transformer input 100 – 240 V~, -10% | +10%, 50 – 60 Hz, 0.2 A, weighing below Yes, languages English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Russian, Spanish
General Laboratory Equipment - Optics
	Dilun Optics XTL-16A Metallographic Microscope
	规格参数：目镜大视野 WF10X(Φ18mm)， 物镜长距平场消色差物镜(无盖玻片) PL 5X/0.12；长距平场消色差物镜(无盖玻片) PL L10X/0.25；长距平场消色差物镜(无盖玻片) PL L20X/0.40；长距平场消色差物镜(无盖玻片) PL L50X/0.70， 目镜筒三目镜,倾斜30˚,(内置检偏振片,可进行切换)， 落射照明系统6V 20W,卤素灯, 亮度可调；落射照明器带视场光栏、孔径光栏、起偏振片,(黄,蓝,绿)滤色片和磨砂玻璃， 调焦系统粗微动同轴调焦, 微动格值:2μm,带锁紧和限位装置， 转换器四孔(内向式滚珠内定位)， 载物台双层机械移动式 (尺寸: 210mmX140mm,移动范围:75mmX50mm)
实验室通用设备 - 温/湿度
	菲力尔 FLIR TG165 红外成像点温仪
	Specifications: Detector type focal plane array (FPA), uncooled microbolometer, infrared resolution 80*60 pixels, laser double divergence laser indicating temperature measurement area, activated by pulling the trigger, memory expansion up to 32 GB SD card, memory type Micro SD card, wavelength range 8~14µm, 1/4 inch-20 inch above the bottom of the tripod handle, display 2.0 inch TFT LCD display, accuracy ±1.5% or 1.5°C, center point support, Object temperature range -25 to +380°C, Thermal sensitivity <150mK, Dimensions 186 mm×55 mm×94 mm, Weight 0.312 kg, Color palette hot iron color, rainbow color, grayscale, field of view 50°× 38.6°, focusing without focusing, gallery 8549, image frequency 9Hz, minimum focus distance 0.1m, minimum measurement distance 26 cm, image storage capacity 8 GB Micro SD card can store 75,000 images, file format with temperature and emissivity Bitmap (BMP) image, battery life > 5 hours, continuous scanning with laser, power battery can be rechargeable lithium-ion battery, battery voltage 3.7 V, charging method direct charging, battery charging time 4 hours to 90% of the power, 6 hours Fully charged, power management can be adjusted; off, 1 minute, 2 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, battery charging life of at least 30 days, humidity (working and storage) 0-90% relative humidity (0-37°C), 0 -65% relative humidity (37-45°C), 0-45% relative humidity (45-55°C), operating temperature -10~45°C, storage temperature -30 to +55°C

Some detection instruments have not been introduced into the northern and southern tides, please refer to the content of the original paper.