Industrial heating furnace is a kind of equipment widely used in metallurgical industry. Its main function is to heat the metal material to a temperature where it can be rolled and forged. At present, its application covers petroleum, metallurgy, chemical industry and many other industries.
There are many types of industrial heating furnaces, and their structures are also different, resulting in inconsistent working principles. At present, the common types are tubular heating furnace, vertical heating furnace, horizontal rotary reactor, etc.
1. The structure of industrial heating furnace:
1. Radiation chamber
It is the main place for heat exchange in the heating furnace, and its heat load accounts for about 70%-80% of the entire furnace. The reaction and cracking process of the hydrocarbon steam reformer and the ethylene cracking furnace are all completed by the radiation chamber. The furnace tube in the radiation chamber transfers heat through the flame or high-temperature flue gas, mainly radiant heat, so it is called a radiant tube. It is directly scoured by the radiation of the flames, and the temperature is very high. Its material needs to have sufficient high temperature strength and high temperature chemical stability.
2. Convection chamber
The convection chamber relies on the convective heat transfer of the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the radiation chamber to heat the material. The flue gas washes the tube wall of the furnace tube at a relatively high speed to conduct effective convective heat transfer, and its heat load accounts for about 20%-30% of the entire furnace. The convection chamber is generally arranged above the radiation chamber, and some are placed separately on the ground. In order to improve the heat transfer effect, the furnace tubes often use nail head tubes or finned tubes.
3. Waste heat recovery system
The waste heat recovery system is used to recover the waste heat of the heating furnace. There are two recovery methods: one is to preheat and recover the combustion air, so that the recovered heat can be returned to the furnace again. The other is to use another recovery system to recover the heat. The former is called the air preheating method, and the latter is usually called the waste heat boiler water recovery method.
4. Burner
The function of the burner is to complete the combustion of fuel and provide heat for heat exchange. The burner consists of fuel nozzles, air distributors and combustion channels. Burners can be divided into oil burners, gas burners and oil-gas combination burners according to the different fuels used. The performance of the burner directly affects the combustion quality and the thermal efficiency of the furnace.
5. Ventilation system
The function of the ventilation system is to direct combustion air into the burners and exhaust flue gases out of the furnace. It is divided into two ways: natural ventilation and forced ventilation. The former relies on the suction of the chimney itself, while the latter uses a fan.
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Second, the working principle of industrial heating oven
1. First, use the high-temperature flame and flue gas generated when the fuel is burned in the furnace as a heat source to heat the medium flowing in the furnace tube to make it reach the specified process temperature.
2. Next, the fuel is injected from the burner and burned to produce high-temperature flame and high-temperature flue gas. The high-temperature flame transfers heat to the furnace tube in the radiation chamber by radiation, and then to the medium in the furnace tube.
3. The high-temperature flue gas enters the convection chamber of the heating furnace upward due to the suction of the chimney or the action of the induced draft fan, and transfers heat to the furnace tube in the convection chamber through convection, and then to the medium in the furnace tube.
