The standard GB/T 34033.3-2023 threat and risk assessment of marine anti-fouling bottom systems Part 3: Methods for human health threat and risk assessment of anti-fouling active substances in the application and removal of marine anti-fouling bottom coatings The standard describes in detail the possible threats and risk assessment methods of anti-fouling active substances to human health during the application and removal of marine anti-fouling bottom coatings. By analyzing the chemical composition in the coatings and the health effects that may be triggered by long-term exposure to the bottom of the hull, the standard provides the necessary scientific basis and threat and risk assessment tools to ensure the safe operation of ships and offshore facilities.