AS/NZS 1580.405.1-1996 standard specifies the pencil hardness test method for evaluating the hardness of paint and similar materials. This method determines the hardness level of the coating film by applying pressure on the surface of the coating film using standard pencils of different hardness grades to test its scratch resistance. The test procedure includes sample preparation, standard requirements for pencil sharpening and beveling, method of applying test force, and hardness determination criteria. This standard is applicable to the field of coating research and development, production and quality control. It provides a scientific basis for the evaluation of coating durability and surface performance. It is a common reference method for coating hardness testing.