The ASTM E140-2012B (2019) E1 standard provides metal hardness conversion tables that cover the relationship between brinell hardness, Vickers hardness, rockwell hardness, surface hardness, Knoop hardness, hardness gauge hardness, and Richter hardness. The standard applies to non-austenitic steels (e.g. carbon steel, alloy steel, and tool steel) in forged, annealed, normalized, and quenched and tempered states, providing reliable data support for conversion between different hardness testing methods. With these conversion tables, users can conveniently convert between multiple hardness standards to meet the needs of different industrial applications, ensuring accurate evaluation of material performance.