This standard specifies a method for the determination of acute toxicity in water quality by luminescent bacteria, which is suitable for the monitoring of acute toxicity in water quality of industrial wastewater, polluted water bodies and soluble chemicals under laboratory conditions. The acute toxicity level of water samples is assessed by measuring the luminescent intensity of luminescent bacteria. The luminescent intensity is negatively correlated with the concentration of toxic components in water samples, and the standard provides a reference standard for toxicity levels. This method provides a simple and rapid detection method for industrial discharge and water environment quality control, which is helpful for environment protection and pollution prevention.