GB/T 14056.1-2008 focuses on the first part of the determination of surface contamination. It mainly targets the surface contamination of beta emitters (E β max > 0.15MeV) and α emitters. The determination principle, method and process are clarified, and the performance requirements and Calibration methods of testing instruments are specified. The determination criteria for surface contamination levels in different scenarios are given, which provides a standard basis for the determination of surface contamination of beta and α emitters in related fields such as nuclear industry and environment monitoring. It helps to accurately evaluate the degree of pollution and ensure the safety of the environment and personnel.